Periodic table of the elements
- H , Hydrogen, nonmetal, electronegativity 2.2, melting point −259.16 °C, boiling point −252.87 °C, density 0.08988 g/L, standard atomic weight 1.0080
- He , Helium, noble gas, no electronegativity in the data, melting point −272.2 °C, boiling point −268.93 °C, density 0.1785 g/L, standard atomic weight 4.0026
- Li , Lithium, alkali metal, electronegativity 0.98, melting point 180.5 °C, boiling point 1330 °C, density 0.534 g/cm3, standard atomic weight 6.94
- Be , Beryllium, alkaline earth metal, electronegativity 1.57, melting point 1287 °C, boiling point 2469 °C, density 1.85 g/cm3, standard atomic weight 9.0122
- B , Boron, metalloid, electronegativity 2.04, melting point 2076 °C, boiling point 3927 °C, density 2.37 g/cm3, standard atomic weight 10.81
- C , Carbon, nonmetal, electronegativity 2.55, the stored figure needs a note: see the element’s page, the stored figure needs a note: see the element’s page, density 2.2670 g/cm3, standard atomic weight 12.011
- N , Nitrogen, nonmetal, electronegativity 3.04, melting point −210 °C, boiling point −195.795 °C, density 1.2506 g/L, standard atomic weight 14.007
- O , Oxygen, nonmetal, electronegativity 3.44, melting point −218.79 °C, boiling point −182.96 °C, density 1.429 g/L, standard atomic weight 15.999
- F , Fluorine, halogen, electronegativity 3.98, melting point −219.67 °C, boiling point −188.11 °C, density 1.696 g/L, standard atomic weight 18.998
- Ne , Neon, noble gas, no electronegativity in the data, melting point −248.59 °C, boiling point −246.046 °C, density 0.8999 g/L, standard atomic weight 20.180
- Na , Sodium, alkali metal, electronegativity 0.93, melting point 97.8 °C, boiling point 883 °C, density 0.97 g/cm3, standard atomic weight 22.990
- Mg , Magnesium, alkaline earth metal, electronegativity 1.31, melting point 650 °C, boiling point 1090 °C, density 1.74 g/cm3, standard atomic weight 24.305
- Al , Aluminium, post-transition metal, electronegativity 1.61, melting point 660.32 °C, boiling point 2470 °C, density 2.70 g/cm3, standard atomic weight 26.982
- Si , Silicon, metalloid, electronegativity 1.9, melting point 1414 °C, boiling point 3265 °C, density 2.3296 g/cm3, standard atomic weight 28.085
- P , Phosphorus, nonmetal, electronegativity 2.19, the stored figure needs a note: see the element’s page, the stored figure needs a note: see the element’s page, density 1.82 g/cm3, standard atomic weight 30.974
- S , Sulfur, nonmetal, electronegativity 2.58, melting point 115.21 °C, boiling point 444.6 °C, density 2.067 g/cm3, standard atomic weight 32.06
- Cl , Chlorine, halogen, electronegativity 3.16, melting point −101.5 °C, boiling point −34.04 °C, density 3.214 g/L, standard atomic weight 35.45
- Ar , Argon, noble gas, no electronegativity in the data, melting point −189.34 °C, boiling point −185.85 °C, density 1.7837 g/L, standard atomic weight 39.95
- K , Potassium, alkali metal, electronegativity 0.82, melting point 63.38 °C, boiling point 759 °C, density 0.89 g/cm3, standard atomic weight 39.098
- Ca , Calcium, alkaline earth metal, electronegativity 1.0, melting point 842 °C, boiling point 1484 °C, density 1.54 g/cm3, standard atomic weight 40.078
- Sc , Scandium, transition metal, electronegativity 1.36, melting point 1541 °C, boiling point 2836 °C, density 2.99 g/cm3, standard atomic weight 44.956
- Ti , Titanium, transition metal, electronegativity 1.54, melting point 1668 °C, boiling point 3287 °C, density 4.5 g/cm3, standard atomic weight 47.867
- V , Vanadium, transition metal, electronegativity 1.63, melting point 1910 °C, boiling point 3407 °C, density 6.0 g/cm3, standard atomic weight 50.942
- Cr , Chromium, transition metal, electronegativity 1.66, melting point 1907 °C, boiling point 2671 °C, density 7.15 g/cm3, standard atomic weight 51.996
- Mn , Manganese, transition metal, electronegativity 1.55, melting point 1246 °C, boiling point 2061 °C, density 7.3 g/cm3, standard atomic weight 54.938
- Fe , Iron, transition metal, electronegativity 1.83, melting point 1538 °C, boiling point 2861 °C, density 7.874 g/cm3, standard atomic weight 55.845
- Co , Cobalt, transition metal, electronegativity 1.88, melting point 1495 °C, boiling point 2927 °C, density 8.86 g/cm3, standard atomic weight 58.933
- Ni , Nickel, transition metal, electronegativity 1.91, melting point 1455 °C, boiling point 2730 °C, density 8.912 g/cm3, standard atomic weight 58.693
- Cu , Copper, transition metal, electronegativity 1.9, melting point 1084.6 °C, boiling point 2562 °C, density 8.933 g/cm3, standard atomic weight 63.546
- Zn , Zinc, transition metal, electronegativity 1.65, melting point 419.5 °C, boiling point 907 °C, density 7.134 g/cm3, standard atomic weight 65.38
- Ga , Gallium, post-transition metal, electronegativity 1.81, melting point 29.76 °C, boiling point 2400 °C, density 5.91 g/cm3, standard atomic weight 69.723
- Ge , Germanium, metalloid, electronegativity 2.01, melting point 938.25 °C, boiling point 2833 °C, density 5.323 g/cm3, standard atomic weight 72.630
- As , Arsenic, metalloid, electronegativity 2.18, the stored figure needs a note: see the element’s page, the stored figure needs a note: see the element’s page, density 5.776 g/cm3, standard atomic weight 74.922
- Se , Selenium, nonmetal, electronegativity 2.55, melting point 221 °C, boiling point 685 °C, density 4.809 g/cm3, standard atomic weight 78.971
- Br , Bromine, halogen, electronegativity 2.96, melting point −7.2 °C, boiling point 58.8 °C, density 3.11 g/cm3, standard atomic weight 79.904
- Kr , Krypton, noble gas, electronegativity 3.0, melting point −157.37 °C, boiling point −153.22 °C, density 3.733 g/L, standard atomic weight 83.798
- Rb , Rubidium, alkali metal, electronegativity 0.82, melting point 39.3 °C, boiling point 688 °C, density 1.53 g/cm3, standard atomic weight 85.468
- Sr , Strontium, alkaline earth metal, electronegativity 0.95, melting point 777 °C, boiling point 1377 °C, density 2.64 g/cm3, standard atomic weight 87.62
- Y , Yttrium, transition metal, electronegativity 1.22, melting point 1526 °C, boiling point 2930 °C, density 4.47 g/cm3, standard atomic weight 88.906
- Zr , Zirconium, transition metal, electronegativity 1.33, melting point 1855 °C, boiling point 4377 °C, density 6.52 g/cm3, standard atomic weight 91.222
- Nb , Niobium, transition metal, electronegativity 1.6, melting point 2477 °C, boiling point 4744 °C, density 8.57 g/cm3, standard atomic weight 92.906
- Mo , Molybdenum, transition metal, electronegativity 2.16, melting point 2623 °C, boiling point 4639 °C, density 10.2 g/cm3, standard atomic weight 95.95
- Tc , Technetium, transition metal, electronegativity 1.9, melting point 2157 °C, boiling point 4265 °C, density 11 g/cm3, no standard atomic weight in the data
- Ru , Ruthenium, transition metal, electronegativity 2.2, melting point 2334 °C, boiling point 4150 °C, density 12.1 g/cm3, standard atomic weight 101.07
- Rh , Rhodium, transition metal, electronegativity 2.28, melting point 1964 °C, boiling point 3695 °C, density 12.4 g/cm3, standard atomic weight 102.91
- Pd , Palladium, transition metal, electronegativity 2.2, melting point 1554.9 °C, boiling point 2963 °C, density 12.0 g/cm3, standard atomic weight 106.42
- Ag , Silver, transition metal, electronegativity 1.93, melting point 961.78 °C, boiling point 2162 °C, density 10.501 g/cm3, standard atomic weight 107.87
- Cd , Cadmium, transition metal, electronegativity 1.69, melting point 321.07 °C, boiling point 767 °C, density 8.69 g/cm3, standard atomic weight 112.41
- In , Indium, post-transition metal, electronegativity 1.78, melting point 156.6 °C, boiling point 2072 °C, density 7.31 g/cm3, standard atomic weight 114.82
- Sn , Tin, post-transition metal, electronegativity 1.96, melting point 231.93 °C, boiling point 2602 °C, density 7.287 g/cm3, standard atomic weight 118.71
- Sb , Antimony, metalloid, electronegativity 2.05, melting point 630.63 °C, boiling point 1635 °C, density 6.685 g/cm3, standard atomic weight 121.76
- Te , Tellurium, metalloid, electronegativity 2.1, melting point 449.51 °C, boiling point 988 °C, density 6.232 g/cm3, standard atomic weight 127.60
- I , Iodine, halogen, electronegativity 2.66, melting point 113.7 °C, boiling point 184.3 °C, density 4.93 g/cm3, standard atomic weight 126.90
- Xe , Xenon, noble gas, electronegativity 2.6, melting point −111.75 °C, boiling point −108.099 °C, density 5.887 g/L, standard atomic weight 131.29
- Cs , Caesium, alkali metal, electronegativity 0.79, melting point 28.5 °C, boiling point 671 °C, density 1.93 g/cm3, standard atomic weight 132.91
- Ba , Barium, alkaline earth metal, electronegativity 0.89, melting point 727 °C, boiling point 1845 °C, density 3.62 g/cm3, standard atomic weight 137.33
- La , Lanthanum, lanthanide, electronegativity 1.1, melting point 920 °C, boiling point 3464 °C, density 6.15 g/cm3, standard atomic weight 138.91
- Ce , Cerium, lanthanide, electronegativity 1.12, melting point 795 °C, boiling point 3443 °C, density 6.770 g/cm3, standard atomic weight 140.12
- Pr , Praseodymium, lanthanide, electronegativity 1.13, melting point 931 °C, boiling point 3130 °C, density 6.77 g/cm3, standard atomic weight 140.91
- Nd , Neodymium, lanthanide, electronegativity 1.14, melting point 1024 °C, boiling point 3074 °C, density 7.01 g/cm3, standard atomic weight 144.24
- Pm , Promethium, lanthanide, no electronegativity in the data, melting point 1042 °C, boiling point 3000 °C, density 7.26 g/cm3, no standard atomic weight in the data
- Sm , Samarium, lanthanide, electronegativity 1.17, melting point 1072 °C, boiling point 1900 °C, density 7.52 g/cm3, standard atomic weight 150.36
- Eu , Europium, lanthanide, no electronegativity in the data, melting point 826 °C, boiling point 1529 °C, density 5.24 g/cm3, standard atomic weight 151.96
- Gd , Gadolinium, lanthanide, electronegativity 1.2, melting point 1312 °C, boiling point 3273 °C, density 7.90 g/cm3, standard atomic weight 157.25
- Tb , Terbium, lanthanide, no electronegativity in the data, melting point 1356 °C, boiling point 3123 °C, density 8.23 g/cm3, standard atomic weight 158.93
- Dy , Dysprosium, lanthanide, electronegativity 1.22, melting point 1407 °C, boiling point 2567 °C, density 8.55 g/cm3, standard atomic weight 162.50
- Ho , Holmium, lanthanide, electronegativity 1.23, melting point 1461 °C, boiling point 2600 °C, density 8.80 g/cm3, standard atomic weight 164.93
- Er , Erbium, lanthanide, electronegativity 1.24, melting point 1529 °C, boiling point 2868 °C, density 9.07 g/cm3, standard atomic weight 167.26
- Tm , Thulium, lanthanide, electronegativity 1.25, melting point 1545 °C, boiling point 1950 °C, density 9.32 g/cm3, standard atomic weight 168.93
- Yb , Ytterbium, lanthanide, no electronegativity in the data, melting point 819 °C, boiling point 1196 °C, density 6.90 g/cm3, standard atomic weight 173.05
- Lu , Lutetium, lanthanide, electronegativity 1.27, melting point 1652 °C, boiling point 3402 °C, density 9.84 g/cm3, standard atomic weight 174.97
- Hf , Hafnium, transition metal, electronegativity 1.3, melting point 2233 °C, boiling point 4603 °C, density 13.3 g/cm3, standard atomic weight 178.49
- Ta , Tantalum, transition metal, electronegativity 1.5, melting point 3017 °C, boiling point 5458 °C, density 16.4 g/cm3, standard atomic weight 180.95
- W , Tungsten, transition metal, electronegativity 2.36, melting point 3422 °C, boiling point 5930 °C, density 19.3 g/cm3, standard atomic weight 183.84
- Re , Rhenium, transition metal, electronegativity 1.9, melting point 3186 °C, boiling point 5596 °C, density 20.8 g/cm3, standard atomic weight 186.21
- Os , Osmium, transition metal, electronegativity 2.2, melting point 3033 °C, boiling point 5012 °C, density 22.57 g/cm3, standard atomic weight 190.23
- Ir , Iridium, transition metal, electronegativity 2.2, melting point 2446 °C, boiling point 4130 °C, density 22.42 g/cm3, standard atomic weight 192.22
- Pt , Platinum, transition metal, electronegativity 2.28, melting point 1768.3 °C, boiling point 3825 °C, density 21.46 g/cm3, standard atomic weight 195.08
- Au , Gold, transition metal, electronegativity 2.54, melting point 1064.18 °C, boiling point 2970 °C, density 19.282 g/cm3, standard atomic weight 196.97
- Hg , Mercury, transition metal, electronegativity 2.0, melting point −38.83 °C, boiling point 356.73 °C, density 13.5336 g/cm3, standard atomic weight 200.59
- Tl , Thallium, post-transition metal, electronegativity 1.62, melting point 304 °C, boiling point 1473 °C, density 11.8 g/cm3, standard atomic weight 204.38
- Pb , Lead, post-transition metal, electronegativity 2.33, melting point 327.46 °C, boiling point 1749 °C, density 11.342 g/cm3, standard atomic weight 207.2
- Bi , Bismuth, post-transition metal, electronegativity 2.02, melting point 271.5 °C, boiling point 1564 °C, density 9.807 g/cm3, standard atomic weight 208.98
- Po , Polonium, metalloid, electronegativity 2.0, melting point 254 °C, boiling point 962 °C, density 9.32 g/cm3, no standard atomic weight in the data
- At , Astatine, halogen, electronegativity 2.2, melting point 302 °C, boiling point 337 °C, density 7 g/cm3, no standard atomic weight in the data
- Rn , Radon, noble gas, no electronegativity in the data, melting point −71 °C, boiling point −61.7 °C, density 9.73 g/L, no standard atomic weight in the data
- Fr , Francium, alkali metal, electronegativity 0.7, melting point 27 °C, boiling point 680 °C, no density in the data, no standard atomic weight in the data
- Ra , Radium, alkaline earth metal, electronegativity 0.9, melting point 700 °C, boiling point 1737 °C, density 5 g/cm3, no standard atomic weight in the data
- Ac , Actinium, actinide, electronegativity 1.1, melting point 1227 °C, boiling point 3198 °C, density 10.07 g/cm3, no standard atomic weight in the data
- Th , Thorium, actinide, electronegativity 1.3, melting point 1750 °C, boiling point 4788 °C, density 11.72 g/cm3, standard atomic weight 232.04
- Pa , Protactinium, actinide, electronegativity 1.5, melting point 1568 °C, boiling point 4027 °C, density 15.37 g/cm3, standard atomic weight 231.04
- U , Uranium, actinide, electronegativity 1.38, melting point 1133 °C, boiling point 4131 °C, density 18.95 g/cm3, standard atomic weight 238.03
- Np , Neptunium, actinide, electronegativity 1.36, melting point 644 °C, boiling point 4174 °C, density 20.25 g/cm3, no standard atomic weight in the data
- Pu , Plutonium, actinide, electronegativity 1.28, melting point 640 °C, boiling point 3228 °C, density 19.84 g/cm3, no standard atomic weight in the data
- Am , Americium, actinide, electronegativity 1.3, melting point 1176 °C, boiling point 2607 °C, density 13.69 g/cm3, no standard atomic weight in the data
- Cm , Curium, actinide, electronegativity 1.3, melting point 1340 °C, boiling point 3100 °C, density 13.51 g/cm3, no standard atomic weight in the data
- Bk , Berkelium, actinide, electronegativity 1.3, melting point 986 °C, boiling point 2627 °C, density 14 g/cm3, no standard atomic weight in the data
- Cf , Californium, actinide, electronegativity 1.3, melting point 900 °C, boiling point 1470 °C, no density in the data, no standard atomic weight in the data
- Es , Einsteinium, actinide, electronegativity 1.3, melting point 860 °C, boiling point 996 °C, no density in the data, no standard atomic weight in the data
- Fm , Fermium, actinide, electronegativity 1.3, melting point 1527 °C, no boiling point in the data, no density in the data, no standard atomic weight in the data
- Md , Mendelevium, actinide, electronegativity 1.3, melting point 827 °C, no boiling point in the data, no density in the data, no standard atomic weight in the data
- No , Nobelium, actinide, electronegativity 1.3, melting point 827 °C, no boiling point in the data, no density in the data, no standard atomic weight in the data
- Lr , Lawrencium, actinide, electronegativity 1.3, melting point 1627 °C, no boiling point in the data, no density in the data, no standard atomic weight in the data
- Rf , Rutherfordium, transition metal, no electronegativity in the data, no melting point in the data, no boiling point in the data, no density in the data, no standard atomic weight in the data
- Db , Dubnium, transition metal, no electronegativity in the data, no melting point in the data, no boiling point in the data, no density in the data, no standard atomic weight in the data
- Sg , Seaborgium, transition metal, no electronegativity in the data, no melting point in the data, no boiling point in the data, no density in the data, no standard atomic weight in the data
- Bh , Bohrium, transition metal, no electronegativity in the data, no melting point in the data, no boiling point in the data, no density in the data, no standard atomic weight in the data
- Hs , Hassium, transition metal, no electronegativity in the data, no melting point in the data, no boiling point in the data, no density in the data, no standard atomic weight in the data
- Mt , Meitnerium, transition metal, no electronegativity in the data, no melting point in the data, no boiling point in the data, no density in the data, no standard atomic weight in the data
- Ds , Darmstadtium, transition metal, no electronegativity in the data, no melting point in the data, no boiling point in the data, no density in the data, no standard atomic weight in the data
- Rg , Roentgenium, transition metal, no electronegativity in the data, no melting point in the data, no boiling point in the data, no density in the data, no standard atomic weight in the data
- Cn , Copernicium, transition metal, no electronegativity in the data, no melting point in the data, no boiling point in the data, no density in the data, no standard atomic weight in the data
- Nh , Nihonium, post-transition metal, no electronegativity in the data, no melting point in the data, no boiling point in the data, no density in the data, no standard atomic weight in the data
- Fl , Flerovium, post-transition metal, no electronegativity in the data, no melting point in the data, no boiling point in the data, no density in the data, no standard atomic weight in the data
- Mc , Moscovium, post-transition metal, no electronegativity in the data, no melting point in the data, no boiling point in the data, no density in the data, no standard atomic weight in the data
- Lv , Livermorium, post-transition metal, no electronegativity in the data, no melting point in the data, no boiling point in the data, no density in the data, no standard atomic weight in the data
- Ts , Tennessine, halogen, no electronegativity in the data, no melting point in the data, no boiling point in the data, no density in the data, no standard atomic weight in the data
- Og , Oganesson, noble gas, no electronegativity in the data, no melting point in the data, no boiling point in the data, no density in the data, no standard atomic weight in the data
Scroll sideways for all 18 groups.
Electronegativity (Pauling scale)
- below 1.2
- 1.2 to 1.4
- 1.4 to 1.9
- 1.9 to 2.2
- 2.2 and above
- No value in the data
The bar along the top of each tile is the element’s rank: the longer the bar, the higher the value. An electronegativity of 1.3 is shared by 11 elements, 10 of them actinides, so the 1.2 to 1.4 class is the largest.
Melting point, °C
- below 110
- 110 to 750
- 750 to 1200
- 1200 to 1600
- 1600 and above
- No value in the data
The bar along the top of each tile is the element’s rank: the longer the bar, the higher the value.
Boiling point, °C
- below 690
- 690 to 1700
- 1700 to 2800
- 2800 to 3400
- 3400 and above
- No value in the data
The bar along the top of each tile is the element’s rank: the longer the bar, the higher the value.
Density, g/cm3
- below 1.9
- 1.9 to 6
- 6 to 8.1
- 8.1 to 12
- 12 and above
- No value in the data
The bar along the top of each tile is the element’s rank: the longer the bar, the higher the value.
Standard atomic weight
- below 34
- 34 to 77
- 77 to 120
- 120 to 170
- 170 and above
- No value in the data
The bar along the top of each tile is the element’s rank: the longer the bar, the higher the value.
Molecules in 3D
- C 6
- H 12
- O 6
Drag to rotate; pinch or Ctrl + scroll to zoom. Arrow keys rotate, + − zoom, R resets.
Learn
- An acid gives a proton and a base takes it: Arrhenius, Brønsted–Lowry and Lewis Hydrogen chloride gives its proton to water effectively completely; acetic acid gives only a small fraction. NH3
- What holds atoms together: ionic, covalent and metallic bonds Table salt has no molecules in it; hydrogen chloride gas is nothing but molecules. Na
- Intermolecular forces: why water boils at 100 °C and methane at −161 °C Methane's molar mass is 16 g/mol and water's 18, yet methane boils at −161 °C and water at 100 °C. Ar
- A polar bond is not a polar molecule: carbon dioxide against water Carbon dioxide's two bonds are polar, yet the molecule is not. CO2
- Why water is bent and carbon dioxide is straight: the VSEPR model Water's two bonds meet at 104.5°; carbon dioxide's lie in a straight line. CO2